پاسخ امریکا به قدرت‌یابی دریایی چین در دریای شرقی و دریای جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

این مقاله به کشمکش چین و ایالات متحده در حوزه دریای شرقی و دریای جنوبی چین می‌پردازد و در این راستا بر این سئوال متمرکز است که چه عواملی سبب افزایش تنش بین ایالات متحده و چین در حوزه دریای شرقی و دریای جنوبی چین شده است؟ در پاسخ، این فرضیه طرح می‌شود که ظهور قدرت دریایی چین، به چالشی برای تفوق دریایی امریکا در حوزه دریای شرقی و دریای جنوبی تبدیل شده است و تقلای بین گسترش دریایی چین و حفاظت از تفوق دریایی امریکا به کشمکشی بزرگ تبدیل شده که تنش بین دو دولت را افزایش داده است. از منظر نظریه نوواقع گرایانه ثبات هژمونیک رابرت گیلپین و به روش تبیینی به بررسی فرضیه پرداخته شده است. یافته‌های این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که رشد اقتصادی چین به تدریج منابع و ضرورت‌های گسترش قدرت دریایی این دولت را افزایش داده است و تفوق دریایی ایالات متحده در پیرامون قلمرو دریایی چین به طور فزاینده‌ای با چالش ظهور چین روبرو می‌شود. همچنین این مقاله این ایده را مطرح می‌کند از آنجا که رشد اقتصادی نتیجه نوآوری در فنون و تکنولوژی است، در درجه نخست رشد دولت‌هایی پیرامونی در نظام بین‌المللی تابعی از نرخ اقتباس فنون و تکنولوژی از جوامع توسعه یافته صنعتی است و چنین نرخ اقتباس بالایی در چین، عاملی تعیین کننده در رشد شتابان ثروت و قدرت ملی این دولت بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The United States Response to China’s Increasing Power Projection in the Eastern and Southern Seas

نویسنده [English]

  • Sajjad Bahrami Moghadam
Assistant Professor of International Relations, Guilan University
چکیده [English]

This paper studies the competition between China and the United States in the eastern and southern flanks of the China Sea and concentrates on the question of what factors have exacerbated tensions between China and the United States in the eastern and southern seas. In response I hypothesize that the rise in china’s sea power has challenged the United States marine preponderance which has resulted in the increase in the two countries tensions. The thesis is tested using Gilpin’s neorealist theory of hegemonic stability. The author discusses that the rise in china’s economic growth has increased this country’s marine power, challenging the United States sea superiority around the sea of china. The author also discusses that since the economic growth is a result of innovation in technology, the rise in power of the marginal states in the periphery of the international system is tied to their replication of industrial know-hows in the developed countries. This explains why china’s success in replication has translated to the rise in its wealth and power.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • economic wealth
  • sea power
  • South China Sea
  • East China Sea
  • the United States
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