واکاوی نظری رفتار نظامیان در سیاست خارجی معاصر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکترای سیاست تطبیقی و مدرس دانشگاه - مونیخ آلمان و پژوهشگر دوره پسادکتری

چکیده

نیروی نظامی به‌عنوان یکی از قدرتمندترین سازمان‌های اجتماعی، یکی از شناسه‌های اصلی سیاست جهانی است. ماهیّت آنارشیک سیستم بین‌الملل، ضمن رشد احساس ناامنی و تعلیق امنیت کشورها، نظامیان را به یکی از صاحب‌منصبان سیاست خارجی بدل کرد. کاربرد نیروی نظامی در رهیافت سنتی، ابزار ملّی سیاست‌گذاری تلقّی می‌شود. این نگاه پادگانی مولود جدایی‌ناپذیری اندیشه استراتژیک از تفکّر سیاسی است. اما انقلاب روشنفکری در روابط بین‌الملل از اواسط دهه ۱۹۸۰، ظهور رهیافت‌های انتقادی و معرفت‌شناختی نوین، رشد گفتمان‌های نوین درباره دولت‌های ورشکسته، جنگ‌های نوین و رشد بحث‌های امنیتی‌سازی به‌مثابه برآیند انقلاب پساتجربی باعث غفلت از نقش نظامیان در سیاست خارجی معاصر گردید. ملهم از این امر، پرسش اصلی نگاشته جاری این است که با توجه به تحولات مستحدث در دوران معاصر، پیوند بین نظامیان و سیاست خارجی با چه تغییری مواجه شد؟ طبق فرضیه پژوهش، گرچه جدایی بین نظامیان و سیاست خارجی یکی از ارکان سیاست مدرن است، اما چنین شکافی لزوماً ماهوی و راهبردی نیست، بلکه حاکی از تغییر هویت و نقش نظامیان در دوران معاصر است. در بیان دیگر، دیپلماسی دفاعی به‌مثابه سیستم ضدّ بحران، به تقویت نقش نظامیان در سیاست خارجی جهت ترفیع موقعیت بین‌المللی دولت‌ها می‌انجامد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که دیپلماسی دفاعی با تلاش برای توزیع و تکثیر امنیت ایجابی، بستری برای گذار به سوی جوامع پسامنازعه مهیّا می‌کند. چنین فرضیه‌ای با روش تحلیلی و استمداد از شیوه اسنادی- کتابخانه‌ای به آزمون گذاشته می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Theoretical Analysis of Military Forces’ Behavior in the Contemporary Foreign Policy

نویسنده [English]

  • Vahid Zolfaghari
Ph.D. in Comparative Politics - Munich- Germany, and Post-doc researcher.
چکیده [English]

As one of the powerful social entities, military forces are one of the main characteristics of the global politics. Both with increasing the feelings of insecurity and suspending the security of countries, the anarchic nature of international system has turned the military forces as one of the main foreign policy makers. They are treated as the national instrument of policy making in traditional approach. Such perspective results from the inseparability of strategic thought with political one. However, the intellectual revolution in the international relations during the mid-80s, rising critical and new epistemological approaches, prevailing the new approaches about the failed states, new wars and rising debates about securitization has led to ignoring the role and influences of military forces in the contemporary foreign policy. Accordingly, the main question of this paper is according to the happened developments, how the relationship between military forces and foreign policy changed? Although the separation of military forces and foreign policy is one of the main elements of the modern politics, but this is not strategic cleavage and imply the changing role and identity of military forces in contemporary era. In other words, defensive diplomacy as an anti-crisis system will amplify the influence of military forces in the foreign policy to promote the international status of the states. So, the findings of this paper show that defensive diplomacy will provide a suitable environment to move towards post-conflict societies by propagating the positive security. This hypothesis will be tested by analytical and library-based method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Military Forces
  • Foreign Policy
  • Security
  • Strategic Thought
  • Defensive Diplomacy

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