همکاری‌های چین و روسیه؛ تحلیلی از منظر تئوری انتقال قدرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای روابط بین ‏الملل دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین ‏الملل دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران.

چکیده

نظم بین ‏المللی لیبرال که به‌عنوان نظم مبتنی بر هنجار‏های غربی و یا نظم ایجاد شده به‌وسیله ایالات‌متحده آمریکا شناخته می‏ شود بعد از جنگ جهانی دوم ایجاد شده و با فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی تقویت شد. با وجود این مهم ‏ترین چالشی که این نظم درطی سال‏ های گذشته با آن روبه‌رو بوده است رشد دولت ‏های نوظهوری مانند چین و روسیه است که مخالف سلطه غرب و به‌ویژه آمریکا بوده و به دنبال بهره‌مندی از فرصت‏ های اصلاح در نظم بین ‏المللی هستند. در مقایسه با چین، روسیه نگاه تجدیدنظرطلبانه ‏‏ای به ساختار نظم بین ‏المللی داشته و چالش ‏های بیشتری را ایجاد می ‏کند. ایده اصلی مطرح شده در این مورد حاکی از این است که اگر چه روسیه به تنهایی قادر به مقابله با غرب و ایالات‌متحده آمریکا نیست، حمایت‏ سایر قدرت‏ های بزرگ و به‌ویژه چین، روسیه را به ایجاد چالش برای نظم لیبرالی ترغیب می‏ کند. بنابراین پرسش اصلی پژوهش به این موضوع می‏ پردازد که چه عواملی باعث می‏ شود چین از چالش‏ های ایجاد شده به‌وسیلۀ روسیه برای نظم لیبرالی و هژمونی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا حمایت کند. به‌عنوان پاسخی احتمالی، این پژوهش استدلال می‏ کند چالش ‏های روسیه از سه جهت برای چین حائز اهمیت است. نخست، چالش‏ های روسیه چین را از مواجهه مستقیم با ایالات‌متحده آمریکا دور و در عین حال توجهات را از رشد پکن منحرف می‏ کند؛ دوم، چشم‌انداز ارائه شده از سوی روسیه در تضاد با خواسته ‏های چین نیست و در بسیاری از موارد تأمین‌کننده منافع آن است و در نهایت تضعیف هسته آنگلو - آمریکایی نظم لیبرال که می‏ تواند به تضعیف هژمونی ایالات‌متحده منجر شود، چین را به همکاری و چالشگری روسیه ترغیب می‏ کند. روش پژوهش در این مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sino-Russian cooperation; an analysis from power transition theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asgar Safari 1
  • Masoumeh Rad Goudarzi 2
1 Ph.D. in International Relations, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The liberal international order, known as the Western-based order or the order created by the United States, was established after World War II and strengthened by the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, the most important challenge that this order has faced in recent years is the growth of emerging powers such as China and Russia, which oppose Western domination, especially the United States, and seek opportunities to reform the international order. Compared to China, Russia takes a revisionist view of the structure of international order and poses more challenges. The main idea here is that although Russia alone is not able to confront the West and the United States, the support of other major powers, especially China, encourages Russia to challenge the liberal order. The main question of the research, then, is what factors motivate China to support Russia's challenges to the liberal order and hegemony of the United States? As a possible answer, this study argues that Russia's challenges are important to China in three ways: First, Russia's challenges protect China from confrontation with the United States and attention to Beijing's growth. Second, the vision offered by Russia does not contradict China's demands and in many cases serves its interests. And finally, the weakening of the Anglo-American core of the liberal order, which could weaken US hegemony, encourages China to cooperate with Russia. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International System
  • Liberal Order
  • Great Powers
  • Power transition
  • Competition
  • Cooperation

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