راهبرد چین جهت گسترش همکاری با طالبان پس از خروج آمریکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار مدعو گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پس از خروج نیروهای آمریکایی از افغانستان در 30 اوت 2021 و به دست گرفتن کنترل کابل توسط طالبان، پویایی دیپلماتیک و امنیتی در آسیای جنوبی و مرکزی و کشورهای همسایه افزایش یافت. چین به‌عنوان کشور همسایه افغانستان در گذشته و اکنون به‌صورت ویژه نسبت به تحولات افغانستان حساس بوده و از طرق مختلف درصدد اثرگذاری بر تحولات افغانستان برآمده است. در دو دهه اخیر، طالبان به‌عنوان گروه اثرگذار در تحولات افغانستان موردتوجه سیاست خارجی پکن قرار گرفته است. با توجه به کنشگری چین در رابطه با طالبان، ضرورت دارد تا راهبرد چین نسبت به طالبان پس از حاکمیت در اوت 2021 تبیین گردد. در این راستا، با روش تکوینی-تبیینی به این پرسش پاسخ داده شده است که چین چگونه در پی اثرگذاری بر معادلات افغانستان در عصر طالبان و گسترش همکاری با این گروه است؟ در پاسخ فرض بر این است که تهدیدهای امنیتی و الزامات اقتصادی طالبان برای چین سبب شده تا این کشور از طریق تعامل سازنده در ابعاد اقتصادی و امنیتی درصدد گسترش حوزه نفوذ راهبُردی خود و دسترسی به شریک راهبردی در مجموعه امنیتی منطقه‌ای آسیای جنوبی در قالب همکاری با طالبان باشد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مؤلفه‌های امنیتی و اقتصادی در رابطه چین و طالبان قبل از خروج آمریکا و در دوره حاکمیت کنونی طالبان برجسته شده و پکن به دنبال «مداخله سازنده و تبدیل‌شدن به بازیگر مؤثر» در مجموعه امنیتی منطقه‌ای جنوب آسیا از طریق همکاری با طالبان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

China's strategy to expand cooperation with Taliban after US withdrawal

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Monavari 1
  • Mohsen Keshvarian azad 2
  • Mobarakeh sedaghati 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
3 M.A graduate in International Relations, Department of International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Diplomatic and security dynamics in South and Central Asia and neighboring countries increased after the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan on August 30, 2021 and the Taliban's takeover of Kabul. China, as Afghanistan's neighbor in the past and now, has been particularly sensitive to developments in Afghanistan and has sought to influence developments in various ways. In the last two decades, the Taliban has been the focus of Beijing's foreign policy as an influential group in Afghanistan. Given China's action on the Taliban, it is necessary to clarify China's strategy towards the Taliban after the August 2021 regime. In this regard, through analytical-explanatory method, the question has been asked how China seeks to influence the equations of Afghanistan in the Taliban era and expand cooperation with this group? In response, it is assumed that the Taliban's security threats and economic requirements for China have led it to expand its strategic sphere of influence and access to a strategic partner in the South Asian regional security complex through constructive economic and security engagement in the form of cooperation with the Taliban. Findings shows that security and economic components of the Sino-Taliban relationship were highlighted before the US withdrawal and during the current Taliban regime, with Beijing seeking "constructive intervention and becoming an effective player" in the South Asian regional security complex Through cooperation with the Taliban.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • China
  • Taliban
  • strategy
  • cooperation
  • security
  • economy
  • constructive engagement

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