2
School of International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Abstract
In recent years soft power has become an important tool for governments to achieve their foreign policy goals. India- a country with rich sources of soft power- has made great efforts to use this capacity to achieve its foreign policy goals. Among Indian leaders Narendra Modi has paid considerable attention to the capacity of soft power in Indian foreign policy. The current study with a descriptive-analytical method seeks to find the reasons why Narendra Modi has paid substantial attention to India's soft power capacity. According to the research findings, the most important reasons for Modi's special attention to soft power can be classified as follows: at the national level, 1. better condition of communication technology and social media in India in comparison to the past and using this capacity to improve public diplomacy, 2. unfavorable situation of infrastructures in India and making efforts to attract foreign investment in this field and 3. promoting the tourism industry in the country. At the regional level, reducing regional competitors influence such as China in South Asia. At the international level, promoting India's global image as a nuclear power and an emerging power, thus reducing concerns about its growing military capability.
داداندیش، پروین، احدی، افسانه (1390). جایگاه دیپلماسی عمومی در سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران. فصلنامه روابط خارجی، 3(1)، 143-173.
درویش پور، حجت الله (1394). نشانه های وحدت در کثرت جامعه هند. تحقیقاتسیاسیوبینالمللی. پاییز (28)، 99-120.
شیخ الاسلامی، محمدحسن و نوری، حامد (1396). دیپلماسی عمومی (1ج). تهران: ادارۀ چاپ و انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه.
فتاحی اردکانی، حسین، مسعودنیا، حسین و امام جمعه زاده سیدجواد (1397). تحلیل مفهوم قدرت و منابع تشکیل دهنده آن از دیدگاه جوزف نای (سخت، نرم و هوشمند). دوفصلنامۀ علمی پژوهشی مطالعات قدرت نرم، 8(18)، 130-152.
قربانی شیخ نشین، ارسلان، کرمی، کامران و عباس زاده، هادی (1390). قدرت هوشمند؛ تحول نوین قدرت در عصر جهانی شدن. فصلنامه روابط خارجی، 3(4)، 125-150.
نای، جوزف (1382). قدرت نرم. (محمد حسینی مقدم، ترجمه)، راهبرد، پاییز(29)، 363-380. (اثر اصلی منتشره 1990).
نای، جوزف (1387). قدرت نرم:ابزارهای موفقیت در سیاست بین الملل (سید محسن روحانی و مهدی ذوالفقاری، ترجمه). تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه امام صادق (ع). (نشر اصلی اثر 2004).
نای، جوزف (1392). آیندۀ قدرت (احمد عزیزی، ترجمه). تهران: نشر نی (نشر اصلی اثر 2011).
Blarel, Nicolas. (2012). India: the next superpower?: India's soft power: from potential to reality? IDEAS reports - special reports, Kitchen, Nicholas (ed.) SR010. LSE IDEAS, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
Challagalla, Shreya. (2017,Sep 18). Can diaspora diplomacy support India’s foreign policy? Observer Research Foundation. https://www.orfonline. org/expert-speak/can-diaspora-diplomacy-support-indias-foreign-policy-goals/
de Silva, B. (2015, May 29). Emerging Cultural Emphasis In India’s Foreign Policy Under Modi. Colombo Telegraph. https://www. Colombo telegraph. com/ index.php/emerging-cultural-emphasis-in-indias-foreign- policy-under-modi/
Gupta, A. K.(2008). Commentary on India's Soft Power and Diaspora. International Journal on World Peace, 25(03).
Hall, I. (2012). India's New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power and the Limits of Government Action. Asian Survey, 52(6).
Krishnan, Varun. B.(2019, Jan 12). India has lost highest number of personnel in UN peacekeeping mission. The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/ news/ international/ india-contribution-to-un-peacekeeping/ article 25968721.ece
Kugiel, Patryk. (2017). India's soft power, a new foreign policy strategy. new york: Routledge.
Kumari, Kamni (2016). Diaspora as Soft Power: a Case Study of Indian Diaspora in the US. Soft Power, 4(2), 165-182.
Lahiri, S. (2017). soft power- a major tool in Modi's foreign policy kit. Journal of South Asian Studies, 05(01), 39-47.
Mahapatra, D. A. (2016). From a latent to a ‘strong’ soft power? The evolution of India’s cultural diplomacy. PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS. DOI: 10.1057/palcomms.2016.91
Mazumdar, A. (2018). India's soft power diplomacy under the Modi administration: Buddhism, Diaspora and Yoga. Asian Affairs, 49(3).
Mohan, C. (2014, December 15). Modi’s Diplomacy: Yoga, Democracy, and India’s Soft Power. Carnegie India. https://carnegieindia.org/ 2014/12/15/ modi-s-diplomacy-yoga-democracy-and-india-s-soft-power-pub-57521
Mohan, C. R. (2019, September 22). The Howdy moment: Modi government ought to recognise that diaspora diplomacy is double-edged. The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-howdy-moment-narendra-modi-donald-trump-india-us-6014808/
News18. (2019, October 14). PM Modi Becomes Most Followed Leader with 30 Million Followers on Instagram. News18. https://www.news18.com/ news/ buzz/ pm-narendra-modi-becomes-most-followed-leader-with-30-million-followers-on-instagram-2310935.html
Nye, J. (2011). the future of power. New York: public affairs.
Palit, P. S. (2018). India's use of social media in public diplomacy. Rising Powers Quarterly, 03(03).
Pant, H. V. (2015, August 20). New Delhi’s Soft Power Push. Yale Global Online. https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/new-delhis-soft-power-push
Paul, T. V.(2014). Indian Soft Power in a Globalizing World. Current History, april, 157-162.
Pethiyagoda, K. (2015, June 01). Modi deploys his culture skills in Asia. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/modi-deploys-his-culture-skills-in-asia-2/
PTI. (2021). Budget 2021: India sets aside over Rs 7,100 crore as development assistance to other countries. The New Indian Express. https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2021/feb/01/budget-2021-india-sets-aside-over-rs-7100-crore-as-development-assistance-to-other-countries-2258179.html
SCMP Reporter. (2017, June 10). Xi and Modi take a break from security summit to talk Bollywood. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2097719/xi-and-modi-take-break-security-summit-talk-bollywood
Sridharan, V. (2018, December 23). After yoga, Modi’s next soft power push is traditional medicine. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp. com/ week-asia/economics/article/2179048/after-yoga-modis-next-soft-power-push-traditional-medicine
Suneja, Kirtika. (2021, Apr 07). IMF ups India’s FY22 GDP growth forecast to 12.5 percent. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes. com/ news/economy/indicators/imf-projects-indias-growth-rate-to-jump-to-impressive-12-5-per-cent-in-2021/articleshow/81933966.cms
The National. (2015, February 13). India PM Narendra Modi calls Pakistan PM Nawaz Sharif to wish him luck for Cricket World Cup. The National. https:// www.thenational.ae/sport/ india-pm-narendra-modi-calls-pakistan- pm-nawaz-sharif-to-wish-him-luck-for-cricket-world-cup-1.82684
Thussu, D. (2013). Communicating India’s Soft Power: Buddha to Bollywood. new york: Palgrave Macmillan.
Walker, R. J. (2008). Awakening Tiger: India's Quest for Expanded Influence in the World [Final Thesis, Naval Post Graduate School].
Dehshiri,M. and Norouzi,S. (2021). The Role of Soft Power in India's Foreign Policy: a Case Study of Narendra Modi Administration. International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 12(4), 581-612.
MLA
Dehshiri,M. , and Norouzi,S. . "The Role of Soft Power in India's Foreign Policy: a Case Study of Narendra Modi Administration", International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 12, 4, 2021, 581-612.
HARVARD
Dehshiri M., Norouzi S. (2021). 'The Role of Soft Power in India's Foreign Policy: a Case Study of Narendra Modi Administration', International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 12(4), pp. 581-612.
CHICAGO
M. Dehshiri and S. Norouzi, "The Role of Soft Power in India's Foreign Policy: a Case Study of Narendra Modi Administration," International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 12 4 (2021): 581-612,
VANCOUVER
Dehshiri M., Norouzi S. The Role of Soft Power in India's Foreign Policy: a Case Study of Narendra Modi Administration. Int Q Foreign Relat, 2021; 12(4): 581-612.