1
Professor of International Relations, International Relations Department, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor of International Relations, Iranology Foundation, Tehran, Iran
The passing of the bipolar order in the Cold War and the passing of the transition period in the international system, which was accompanied by the effort of the United States of America to establish a unipolar order, now promises a new era which will outline the conditions of the world order in the near future. In this situation, Iran, as one of the key players in West Asia, needs a strategic and comprehensive plan to face this new order. Therefore, according to the set of developments and challenges and opportunities ahead, the basic question is raised that what should be the proper solution for Iran in order to face the new world order and what elements should it have? The temporary answer to this question is as follows: A suitable solution and strategic plan for Iran in facing the new world order should be a multifaceted, interactive, balanced plan with the possibility of using different opportunities and capacities in the East and West, and especially in its own region. For example, focus on the military and security field with the East, on the technological field with the West, and on creating an economic and security block with the region. The need for all or part of the proposed strategies to be bolder in this direction depends on the conditions of occurrence and realization of the mentioned order. However, it is necessary to activate all the necessary capacities based on the proposed strategic plan. The approach of this research is descriptive-analytical, its method is qualitative and library collection method.
Acharya, Amitav. (2014). The End of American World Order. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ali, H., Muhammadi, M., Masood, Y., & Ali, S. (2021). The Grand Strategy of China Towards Central Asia: An Assessment of Chinese New Regionalism Strategy and its Geopolitical Implications for US in the Post-9/11 Era. Journal of South Asian Studies, 9(3), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.33687/jsas.009.03.3906
China Power Team. (March 5, 2024). What Does China Really Spend on its Military? China Power. https://chinapower.csis.org/military-spending/
Cohen, Eliot A. (April 19, 2022). The Return of Statecraft: Back to Basics in the Post-American World. Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2022-04-19/return-statecraft
Duncombe, Constance & Dunne, Tim. (2018). After liberal world order. International Affairs, 94(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix234
Eaglen, Mackenzie. (August 08, 2023). Setting the Record Straight on Beijing’s Actual Military Spending, American Enterprise Institute, https://www.aei.org/foreign-and-defense-policy/setting-the-record-straight-on-beijings-actual-military-spending/
Goldstein, Joshua S., & Pevehouse, Jon. C. (2008). International Relations. 8th New York: Longman.
Hall, John A. (1996). International Orders. Cambridge: Polity.
Hulme, M. P., & Gartzke, E. (2021). The Tyranny of Distance: Assessing and Explaining the Apparent Decline in US Military Performance. International Studies Quarterly, 65(2), 542-550. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa067
Ikenberry, G. John (2018). The End of Liberal International Order?. International Affairs. 94(1) 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
Ikenberry, G. J. (2020). A World Safe for Democracy: Liberal Internationalism and the Crises of Global Order. Yale University Press.
(2024). GDP based on PPP, share of world, International Monetary Fund, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPSH@WEO/EU/CHN/USA?year=2024
Johnson, James. (2021). The End of Military-Techno Pax Americana? Washington’s Strategic Responses to Chinese AI-enabled Military Technology. The Pacific Review, 34(3), 351-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2019.1676299
Kegley, Charles & Blanton, Shannon. (2011). World Politics: Trend and Transformation, New York: St. Martin's Press.
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1987). Power and Interdependence Revisited. International Organization, 41(4), 725-753. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300027661
Lawson, G., & Zarakol, A. (2023). Recognizing Injustice: The ‘Hypocrisy Charge’and the Future of the Liberal International Order. International Affairs, 99(1), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac258
Layne, Christopher (2006) The Unipolar Illusion Revisited. International Security 31(2), 7–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4137515
Layne, Christopher (2012) This Time It's Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana. International Studies Quarterly, 56(1), 203-213. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41409832
Lind, Jennifer & Wohlforth, William C. (February 12, 2019). The Future of the Liberal Order Is Conservative. Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2019-02-12/future-liberal-order-conservative
Marchetti, Raffaele. (2018). Post-Western World Orders, In Peter W. Schulze (Ed.) Multipolarity: The Promise of Disharmony, Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.
Morgenthau, Hans J. (1973). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: Knopf.
Norton, Ben. (April 21, 2023). ‘Dollar Suffered Stunning Collapse in 2022’: Share of Global Reserves Fell to 47%, Decreasing at 10 Times Rate, Geopolitical Economy, https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2023/04/21/dollar-stunning-collapse-global-reserves/
Nuruzzaman, M. (2020). Why BRICS Is No Threat to the Post-War Liberal World Order. International Studies, 57(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881719884449
Onge, Peter St. (June 27, 2023). ‘Woke’ Sanctions and Countries Abandoning the Dollar Will Ruin the World, Not Just U.S., The Washington Times, https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2023/jun/27/woke-sanctions-and-countries-abandoning-dollar-wil/
Owen IV, J. M. (2020). Sino-Russian Cooperation Against Liberal Hegemony. International Politics, 57(5), 809-833. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-020-00213-z
Parmar, Inderjeet (2018). The US-led Liberal Order: Imperialism by Another Name?. International Affairs, 94(1), 151-172. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix240
Peou, S. (2021). Toward a Global Human Security Governance?: Progress, Problems, and Prospects. Hiroshima Peace Research Journal, 8, 71-90.
Plummer, Michael G. (21 August 2023). Is the US Dollar on Its Way Out?, East Asia Forum, https://doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1692658811
Rapanyane, M. B. (2020). The New World [dis] Order in the Complexity of Multi‐Polarity: United States of America's Hegemonic Decline and the Configuration of New Power Patterns. Journal of public affairs, 21(1), e2114, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/pa.2114
Robertson, Peter & Beaver, Wilson. (September 19, 2023). China’s Defense Budget Is Much Bigger Than It Looks, Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/09/19/china-defense-budget-military-weapons-purchasing-power/
Ruggie, John Gerard (1986). Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis. In Keohane, Robert O. (ed.). Neorealism and Its Critics. Columbia University Press.
Sørensen, Georg. (2006). What Kind of World Order? The International System in the New Millennium. Cooperation and Conflict, 41(4), 343-363. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45084468
Speck, Ulrich. (September 12, 2016). The Crisis of Liberal Order. The American Interest, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/09/12/the-crisis-of-liberal-order/
Steinberg, R. H. (2022) The Rise and Decline of a Liberal International Order. In David L. Sloss, (Ed.). Is the International Legal Order Unraveling, Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197652800.003.0002
Stuenkel, Oliver. (2016). Post-Western World: How Emerging Powers Are Remaking Global Order. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Tierney, Dominic (2018). Accidental Primacy: Balancing and the Path to Power. International Relations. 32(2). 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178187635
Wallerstein, Immanuel (2003). The Decline of American Power: The US in a Chaotic World. The New Press.
Walt, Stephen M. (June 26, 2016). The Collapse of the Liberal World Order. Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/26/the-collapse-of-the-liberal-world-order-european-union-brexit-donald-trump/
Walt, Stephen M. (April 16, 2019). The End of Hubris and the New Age of American Restraint. Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/end-hubris
Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
Wang, Y. (2020). New Regionalism Reshaping the Future of Globalization. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 6(02), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740020500116
Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge University Press.
Wu, Huizhong & Bodeen, Christopher. (March 5, 2024). China Raises Defense Budget by 7.2% as it Pushes for Global Heft and Regional Tensions Continue, AP, https://apnews.com/article/china-legislature-defense-budget-taiwan-us-9e751a41c9a1ffe8c0cf9775797750e3
Xuetong, Yan. (2018). Chinese Values vs. Liberalism: What Ideology will Shape the International Normative Order?. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 11(1), 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poy001
Seyed Jalal,D. F. and zabihi,R. (2024). Iran and the New World Order; Challenges and opportunities. International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 16(1), 1-26. doi: 10.22034/fr.2024.440842.1488
MLA
Seyed Jalal,D. F. , and zabihi,R. . "Iran and the New World Order; Challenges and opportunities", International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 16, 1, 2024, 1-26. doi: 10.22034/fr.2024.440842.1488
HARVARD
Seyed Jalal D. F., zabihi R. (2024). 'Iran and the New World Order; Challenges and opportunities', International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 16(1), pp. 1-26. doi: 10.22034/fr.2024.440842.1488
CHICAGO
D. F. Seyed Jalal and R. zabihi, "Iran and the New World Order; Challenges and opportunities," International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 16 1 (2024): 1-26, doi: 10.22034/fr.2024.440842.1488
VANCOUVER
Seyed Jalal D. F., zabihi R. Iran and the New World Order; Challenges and opportunities. Int Q Foreign Relat, 2024; 16(1): 1-26. doi: 10.22034/fr.2024.440842.1488
