International Quarterly of Foreign Relations

International Quarterly of Foreign Relations

The Future of the Hybrid War of Islamic Resistance Axis and Israel in 2030 Perspective

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Gholamreza Khajehsarvi 1
Fatemeh Souri 2
1 Professor of Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Candidate in Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/fr.2024.441310.1489
Abstract
The struggle between Israel and the Resistance, one of the longest running conflicts in the West Asian region, has become more complicated in recent years due to the development of military technology. The turning point in this war can be seen in the 33-day war between Israel and the Lebanese Hezbollah in 2006, in which Hezbollah, as a non-state armed group equipped with high-tech weapons and other destructive technologies, was able to challenge Israel's deterrence. In addition, other resistance groups in Palestine, Yemen and Iraq have in recent years been able to shock Israel's defence forces with their conventional and unconventional warfare on a decentralised tactical level. At the same time, Israel's 2030 vision of its national security strategy, compiled in 2018, emphasises the strengthening of its national security and defence system. The expansion of the combined battle between the resistance axis and Israel raises the question of what are the main drivers of the resistance axis's combined battle with Israel in 2030? This article attempts to answer this question using the method of trend analysis. The results of the research show that the future of the combined resistance-oriented struggle with Israel depends mainly on the drivers of "access to new technologies", "the ability to build regional coalitions", "the ability to deter cognitive and visual" and "the creation of a strategic culture".
Keywords
"Axis of Resistance"
"Israel"
"Hybrid War"
"Hezbollah"
"Cyber War"

Subjects

  •  

    • Ahluwalia, V. K. (2019). Hybrid warfare: Battlegrounds of the future. CLAWS Journal, 12(2), 15-34.
    • Al Rabadi.S 9’2023). “The Axis Of Resistance And The Problematics Of Israeli National Security”. Retrieved from: https://russiancouncil.ru/en/blogs/salam_alrabadi-en/the-axis-of-resistance-and-the-problematics-of-israeli-national-securi/
    • Aljazeera (2023). “Yemen’s Houthis warn they will target all Israel-bound ships in Red Sea”. Retrieved from:
    • Bamberger, L. (2017). International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance 2017. 2017. SIRIUS-Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen, 1(3), 309-310.
    • Center, N. C. (2018). Foreign economic espionage in cyberspace. Washington, DC: Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
    • Cohen, R. S., Chandler, N., Efron, S., Frederick, B., Han, E., Klein, K., ... & Shokh, Y. (2020). The future of warfare in 2030. Rand Corporation, 46.
    • Deep, A. (2015) ‘Hybrid War: Old Concept, New Techniques’, Small Wars Journal. Available at: https://smallwarsjournal.com/j...
    • Economy, E. C. (2018). The great firewall of China: Xi Jinping’s internet shutdown. The Guardian, 29.
    • El-Husseini, R. (2007). JUDITH PALMER HARIKHezbollah: The Changing Face of Terrorism (London: IB Tauris, 2004). Pp. 255. $24.95 cloth. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39(1), 139-140.
    • Gal, Y. (2018). Fruit of Israeli-Jordanian peace still on the tree.Retrieved from: https://www. ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5209464,00.html. Accessed 03-30-2024.
    • Ganor, B. (2019) Global Alert: the rationality of modern Islamist terrorism and the challenge to the liberal democratic world. New York: Colombia University Press.
    • Grant, G. (2008). Hybrid Wars: What if the battles of the future are neither conventional nor irregular, but a combination of both?. Government Executive.
    • Hoffman, F.G. (2007) Conflict in the 21st Century: The rise of Hybrid Wars. Arlington, VA: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
    • https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/9/yemens-houthis-warn-they-will-target-all-israel-bound-ships-in-red-sea
    • https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/31/world/middleeast/iran-israel-cyberattacks.html
    • A (2022). “Israel’s Cyber Prowess: A Benchmark in Cyber Warfare”.Center for Strategic and contemporary research. Retrieved from: https://cscr.pk/explore/themes/defense-security/israels-cyber-prowess-a-benchmark-in-cyber-warfare/#:~:text=In%20the%20first%20half%20of,continue%20in%20the%20coming%20years.
    • Jasper, S. and Moreland, S. (2014) ‘The Islamic State is a Hybrid Threat: Why does that matter’, Small Wars Journal, 1(11).
    • Jensen, B and Ramjee,D (2023). “Beyond Bullets and Bombs: The Rising Tide of Information War in International Affairs”. Retrieved from: https://www.csis.org/analysis/beyond-bullets-and-bombs-rising-tide-information-war-international-affairs.
    • B & Ramjee. D(2023). “Beyond Bullets and Bombs: The Rising Tide of Information War in International Affairs”. The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Retrieved from: https://www.csis.org/analysis/beyond-bullets-and-bombs-rising-tide-information-war-international-affairs
    • D (2010), “Military Capabilities for Hybrid War: Insights from Israel Defense Forces in Lebanon and Gaza”, RAND Corporation Report, Prepared for the United States Army, Available at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP285.html, (Accessed on 26 August 2019).
    • Kan (2020b) ‘Zman Emet’, chapter 18 season 3: Danger is clear and precise’. Broadcast on Channel kan11 Israel on February 17, 2020. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?...
    • New york Times(2018). “In Cyberattacks, Iran Shows Signs of Improved Hacking Capabilities”. Retrieved from:
    • Porat, I. (2023). Political Polarisation and the Constitutional Crisis in Israel. Israel Law Review, 56(3), 369-384.
    • Rabinovich, I., & Brun, I. (2017). Israel facing a new Middle East: in search of a national security strategy. Hoover Institution Press.
    • A (2019), “Israel’s Foreign Policy: Search for Security”, Lecture in Round Table Organised by Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA), 2 May.
    • Tsurkov, E. (2018). Inside Israel’s Secret Program to Back Syrian Rebels. Foreign Policy, 1.
    • Wastnidge, E. (2014). Special Issue Article The Modalities of Iranian Soft Power: From Cultural Diplomacy to Soft War.