بنیان‌های محافظه‌کارانه در راهبرد سیاست خارجی دونالد ترامپ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای اندیشه‌ سیاسی، گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

چکیده

دونالد ترامپ بحث‌های زیادی را دربارۀ معنای واقعی محافظه‌کاری، به خصوص در حوزۀ سیاست خارجی آمریکا برانگیخته است. به موازات آن، اندیشمندان محافظه‌کار سیاست خارجی نیز، در خصوص معقول بودن رویکرد بین‌المللی ترامپ عقاید مختلفی دارند. این عقاید لزوماً متناسب با دسته‌بندی‌ طیف‌های محافظه‌کار در آمریکا نیستند. بر همین اساس و برای روشن شدن این مسأله، مقالۀ حاضر به این پرسش پرداخته است که «بازتاب مکتب محافظه‌کاری بر سیاست خارجی دونالد ترامپ، اساساً ناظر به چه سیاست‌ها و اقداماتی بوده است و خطوط اقدام و اصول بنیادین آن بر چه پایه‌هایی استوار است». در مقام فرضیه و پاسخ، اشاره می‌شود که سیاست خارجی ترامپ، الگویی جدید از محافظه‌کاری را در پرتو تجمیع دو طیف «محافظه‌کاری ملی‌گرایانه» و «محافظه‌کاری واقع‌گرایانه» ارائه و نمایندگی می‌کند که از لحاظ فلسفی، روانشناسانی و سیاسی «محافظه‌کار» است؛ یعنی به دنبال آن است که چیزی واقع‌گرایانه (برتری نظامی و پایگاه تولیدی) و آرمان‌گرایانه (حق حاکمیت و استثناگرایی) را حفظ و تقویت کند و همزمان، بر راهبرد «اول آمریکا»، نفی مسئولیت‌های بین‌المللی، کاستن از تعهدات نظامی در قبال متحدین و کاربستِ یک‌جانبه‌گرایی پایبند بماند. در اینجا ابعاد این موضوع به روش کیفی - تحلیلی مورد واکاوی و تجزیه تحلیل قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Conservative Foundations in Donald Trump's Foreign Policy Strategy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahab Jahanian 1
  • Saeed Eslamee 2
1 Ph.D. in Political Thought, Department of Political Science, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous.
2 Associate Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous. (Corresponding Author)
چکیده [English]

Donald Trump is provoking much discussion about what it means to be a conservative, especially in foreign policy. Parallel to it, there is a wide range of opinion among conservative foreign policy experts over the wisdom of Trump’s international approach and thinking. Nor do these opinions always fall along predictable factional lines. Accordingly, the present article focuses on the reflection of the conservative school on foreign policy in the Donald Trump era. In terms of hypothesis and response, it is noted that the foreign policy of Donald Trump represents a new model of conservatism in light of the realism and nationalism, that, philosophically, psychologically, and politically conservative; it follows that it is pursuing something realistic (military superiority and production base) and idealistic (right of sovereignty and lifestyles). At the same time, America First, American exceptionalism, neglecting international responsibilities, reduce military commitments to allies, and ultimately adhere to the unilateralism, are important factors that in recent years, we have seen the emergence of a coherent conservatism in both words and deeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Donald Trump
  • US
  • Conservatism
  • Foreign Policy
  • National Security
  • Nationalism
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دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42
این شماره فصلنامه روابط خارجی با تأخیر و در سال 1399 منتشر می‌شود. به دلیل رعایت تسلسل شمارگان فصلنامه، تاریخ آن به سال 1398 است.
شهریور 1398
صفحه 37-67