خاستگاه سرمایه‏ دارانه فشارهای حقوق بشری علیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین ‏الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

جمهوری اسلامی ایران طی چهار دهه اخیر، فشارهای مختلفی را برای تبعیت کامل از هنجارهای حقوق بشر جهانی متحمل شده است. بررسی خاستگاه سرمایه‌دارانه چالش‌های حقوق بشری ایران و تحول ابزارهای فشار علیه این کشور مطابق با نظریه نئوگرامشی، مسئله اساسی مقاله حاضر است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که حقوق بشر نقش رهبری فکری و اخلاقی را در سرمایه‌داری جهانی دارد. در این راستا، با تداوم مناسبات سرمایه‌دارانه پس از انقلاب اسلامی در ایران، استقلال نسبی روبنای سیاسی، فرهنگی و حقوقی، به این کشور امکان مخالفت و عدم تبعیت از رژیم حقوق بشر جهانی را می‌دهد. همزمان با دگرگونی‏ها در نظام سرمایه‏داری جهانی، فشارها علیه ایران ماهیت اقتصادی گرفته و هژمون سرمایه‌داری با دو ابزار زور (وضع و اجرای مؤثر تحریم‌ها از سوی دولت‌ها و سازمان‌های جهانی و منطقه‌ای) و رضایت (اقدامات شبکه حامی برای افزایش ریسک تجارت، چانه‌زنی با شرکت‌ها برای انصراف از کسب و کار و برقراری انواع مکانیسم ارزیابی حقوق بشری بر فعالیت‌های اقتصادی بین‌المللی با ایران) به ترغیب این کشور در تبعیت از حقوق بشر جهانی می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Capitalist Origin of Human Rights Pressures on Islamic Republic of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohamad Bagher Heshmat Zadeh 1
  • Vahid Ghorbani 2
1 Associate Professor at Shahid Beheshti University
2 Ph.D. Candidate of International Relations at Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Over past four decades, Islamic Republic of Iran has been subjected to various pressures to full compliance with the norms of universal human rights. The research problem in this article is study based on Neo-Gramscianism from capitalist origin of human rights pressures on Islamic Republic of Iran and transformation of the means of pressure on the country. The results show that human rights play a role of intellectual and moral leadership in global capitalism. In this way, with continuity of capitalist relations after the Islamic Revolution in Iran, relative independence of the political, cultural and legal superstructure allows it to oppose and disregard the global human rights regime. With developments in global capitalist system, the pressures on Iran have taken an economic form and capitalist hegemony with two means of force (impose and implementation of effective sanctions by governments and global and regional organizations) and satisfaction (supportive network measures to increase business risk, bargaining with companies to abandon business, and establish a variety of mechanisms for Human Rights Impact Assessment on international economic cooperation with Iran) persuade the country to abide by global human rights.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Human Rights Pressures
  • Global Capitalism
  • Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Neo-Gramscianism

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