رهبری سیاسی و بحران کرونا؛ مطالعۀ موردی آمریکا، هندوستان و آلمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکدۀ علوم اقتصادی و سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پس از اعلام رسمی وجود اولین موارد ابتلا به ویروس کوید-۱۹ در اواخر دسامبر سال ۲۰۱۹ در چین، طولی نکشید که این بیماری به‌سرعت در اکثر کشورهای جهان شیوع پیدا کرد و جهان را در وضعیتی استثنایی قرار داد. دولت‌های مختلف واکنش‌های گوناگونی به این بحران داده‌اند. نکته قابل‌ توجه این است که متغیرهایی مانند نوع رژیم سیاسی، ساختار حکومت و ظرفیت دولت‌ها نیز لزوماً ارتباط مستقیم و تعیین‌کننده‌ای با نحوه واکنش کشورها به این بحران و پیامدهای آن نداشته‌ است. به‌عنوان مثال تعداد قربانیان ناشی از این بیماری در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته‌ای مانند آمریکا، اسپانیا، بریتانیا و ایتالیا بسیار بالاتر از دیگر کشورهای با ظرفیت‌ها و زیرساخت‌های محدودتر بوده است. براین اساس، پرسش اصلی ما این است که «علت رفتار متفاوت کشورهای مختلف در مقابل بحران همه‌گیری کرونا چیست؟». فرضیه این مقاله نیز این است که «در زمان بحران، مهم‌ترین عامل در تعیین‌ واکنش و اقدامات کشورها، رهبری سیاسی و شیوه‌های متفاوت معنابخشی اوست». این مقاله با به‌کارگیری «مدل رهبری CIP» و تقسیم شیوه‌های رهبری و معنابخشی به کاریزماتیک، ایدئولوژیک و پراگماتیک و با مطالعه موردی تجربه کشورهای هندوستان، ایالات‌متحده آمریکا و آلمان، ضمن اثبات و تأئید فرضیه مقاله، به این نتیجه رسیده‌ است که نوع رهبری پراگماتیک کارآمدی بیشتری در شرایط بحرانی اخیر داشته است.
 
 

تازه های تحقیق

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Political leadership and the coronavirus crisis; Case study of the United States, India, and Germany

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Etaat 1
  • Asghar Mansourian 2
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student in Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Following the official announcement of the first cases of the COVID-19 virus in China on late December 2019, it outbreak rapidly to most parts of the world and putting the world in a state of emergency. Different governments have reacted differently to this crisis. It is noteworthy that variables such as the type of political regime, the structure of government and the capacity of governments have not necessarily a direct and decisive relationship with countries' response to this crisis. For example, the number of mortality in developed and democratic countries such as the United States, Spain, Britain and Italy has been much higher than some developing countries. The key question of this paper is that "What is the reason for the different behavior of different countries in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic?" The hypothesis of this article is that "in times of crisis, the most important factor in determining the reaction of countries is political leadership and different ways of sense-making." This article judges this hypothesis with using the CIP leadership model and dividing leadership and sense-making into charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic, and case studies of India, the United States, and Germany, the authors, while proving and confirming the article hypothesis, have concluded that pragmatic leadership is more effective in the recent crisis.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • political leadership
  • COVID-19 pandemic
  • CIP leadership model
  • India
  • United States
  • Germany
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