بحران نظام نمادین و تأثیر آن بر شکل‌گیری جنبش جلیقه زردها در فرانسه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

جنبش جلیقه زردها در فرانسه معرف نوعی کسری دموکراتیک و بحران نمایندگی دولت است. شاید کاربرد عبارت «بحران در نظام نمادین» برای توصیف وضعیت کنونی فرانسه مناسب‌تر باشد. این مفهوم توسط «پیر بوردیو» مطرح شد. کنش اجتماعی در معرفت‌شناسی بوردیو در وهله اول تحت عنوان دوگانه «هیسترسیز» و «دوکسا» صورت‌بندی می‌شود و در وهله دوم ماهیت طبقاتی دارد. حال پرسش این است که بحران نظام نمادین چگونه منجر به شکل‌گیری جنبش جلیقه زردها در فرانسه شد؟ می‌توان این فرضیه را طرح کرد که تضعیف قدرت نمادین سبب تردید در دوکسا به‌عنوان عنصر مشروعیت دولت از یک‌سو و پیدایش هیسترسیز در جامعه از سوی دیگر شد؛ که ماحصل آن جنبش جلیقه زردها بود. این پژوهش در قسمت چارچوب نظری و روش‌شناسی از نظریه پراکسیلوژی بوردیو بهره برده است. طبق نظریه بوردیو، خصلت، سرمایه و میدان شاخص‌های اصلی نظام نمادین هستند و بحران در نظام از میان آن‌ها آغاز می‌شود. پس از بررسی سه شاخص مذکور، مشخص شد که سرمایه نمادین در فرانسه تضعیف شده و این مسئله توان دولت در اعمال خشونت نمادین را تحت تأثیر قرار داه است. این کاستی، دوکسا را که در فرانسه در قالب نئولیبرالیسم ظاهر شده است؛ نزد شهروندان زیر سوال برده و منجر به پیدایش و تداوم جنبش گردیده است. روش گردآوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای و مشاهده میدانی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Crisis of The Symbolic System and Its Impact on The Formation of The Yellow Vests Movement in France

نویسنده [English]

  • Roxana Niknami
Assistant Professor Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran.
چکیده [English]

The yellow vest movement in France represents a kind of democratic deficit. the use of the term crisis in the symbolic system is more appropriate to describe the current situation in France. This concept was introduced by Pierre Bourdieu. In Bourdieu's epistemology, social action is formulated as the dualism of hysteria and doxa,.The question is how did the crisis of the symbolic system lead to the formation of the Yellow Vest movement in France? It can be hypothesized that the weakening of symbolic power cast doubt on both Doxa as an element of state legitimacy and the emergence of hysteria in society on the other. The result of this process was the yellow vest movement. This research has used Bourdieu's theory of praxeology in the theoretical and methodological framework. According to Bourdieu's habitus, capital and field are the main characteristics of a symbolic system, and the crisis in the system begins among them. After examining these three indicators, it was found that symbolic capital has been weakened in France, and this has affected the government's ability to use symbolic violence. After examining these three indicators, it was found that symbolic capital has been weakened in France, and this has affected the government's ability to use symbolic violence. This shortcoming has cast doubt on Doxa in France, which has manifested itself in the form of neoliberalism and has led to the emergence and continuation of the movement. The method of data collection in this research is library and field study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Yellow vests
  • Symbolic Capital
  • Doxa
  • Hysteresis
  • France
  • Representation Crisis
  • Social Movement
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