تحول راهبرد پایگاهی آمریکا: مطالعه موردی منطقه غرب آسیا (2015-2021)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری مطالعات منطقه ای، گرایش مطالعات آمریکای شمالی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

آمریکا با اعلام اولویت راهبردی جدیدی مبنی بر رقابت با قدرت‌های بزرگ و به‌ویژه چین، در راهبرد خود تغییر ایجاد کرده است و با تمرکز بر افزایش حضور در شرق آسیا، به دنبال بهینه‌سازی حضور خود در سرتاسر جهان است. غرب آسیا نیز از این امر مستثنا نبوده است و کاهش و تغییر نوع حضور نیروهای آمریکایی در منطقه، به‌خصوص در افغانستان و تعطیلی سه پایگاه آمریکا در قطر و انتقال آن‌ها به اردن، همگی نشان از تغییر دارند؛ بر این اساس پرسش اصلی پژوهش حاضر این بود که «تغییر اولویت‌های راهبردی آمریکا، چه تأثیری بر راهبرد پایگاهی این کشور در منطقه غرب آسیا خواهد داشت؟» این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی نشان داده است که آمریکا به سمت پایگاه‌های نظامی کوچک و نامتمرکز و تقویت رویکرد «موازنه فراساحل» در حرکت است و در حضور خود بر ابزارهای غیرنظامی، تقویت توان بازدارندگی شرکا و متحدان (به‌خصوص توان موشکی) و همچنین شبکه‌سازی امکانات و ظرفیت‌های خود و استفاده از فناوری‌های روز تأکید بیشتری خواهد داشت. علاوه بر آن آمریکا به دنبال استفاده از مدلی هیبریدی از پایگاه‌های خود در منطقه غرب آسیا بوده است. این مدل شامل ترکیبی از پایگاه‌های سنتی آمریکا که در اختیار کشورهای میزبان‌اند، برخی پایگاه‌های سنتیِ در کنترل آمریکا و برخی پایگاه‌های جدید بوده است که افزایش تاب‌آوری، چندمنظوره بودن، تأکید بر کارکرد آموزشی، شبکه‌سازی و ارتباطات، نامتمرکز و کوچک بودن، توزیع جغرافیایی گسترده‌تر از مهم‌ترین عناصر جدید در نگاه به این پایگاه‌های نظامی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Evolution of US Base Strategy: The Case Study of West Asia

نویسنده [English]

  • Taha Akrami
Ph.D. in Area Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

After announcing the new strategic priority of the United States based on competition with the great powers especially China, US changes its strategy and is looking for ways to optimize its presence around the world,focusing on increasing its presence in the East Asia.West Asia was not an exception and we saw decrease and change of US military presence, especially in Afghanistan and the closure of three US bases in Qatar and deployment of forces to Jordan.Therefore,the main question of the present research is that to what extent,changes in U.S. Strategic priorities affect US military presence and its basing strategy in the West Asia?By using a descriptive-analytical method,the current research shows US is moving toward smaller and decentralized bases,as well as strengthening the"offshore balancing" approach.US will also have more emphasis on non-military tools, strengthening the deterrent capability of partners and allies(especially missile capability) and also networking of its facilities and capacities and the use of modern technologies in its presence.

In addition, the United States appears to be seeking to use a hybrid model for its bases in the West Asia region.This model is a mixture of US traditional bases which are now controlled by host countries, some traditional bases which are currently under US control and also some new ones.In this regard, US is establishing some new bases which have emphasis on resiliency, versatility, educational function, networking and communication, decentralization and smallness and wider geographical distribution. These elements are among the most important elements of new US basing strategy

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • West Asia
  • U.S
  • Military Bases
  • Offshore Balancing
  • Basing Strategy
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