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فصلنامه روابط خارجی

حکمرانی هوش مصنوعی در عصر دیجیتال: واکاوی راهبردها و رویکردهای آمریکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سعید سلیمان زاده 1
محسن اسلامی 2
مسعود موسوی شفائی 3
ولی گل محمدی 4
1 دانش‌آموخته دکترای روابط بین‌الملل از دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
4 استادیار گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
10.22034/fr.2024.458717.1531
چکیده
«حکمرانی هوش مصنوعی» در ایالات‌متحده به چه صورت است؟ این نوشتار با بررسی راهبردها و رویکردهای آمریکا به فهمی دقیق از نحوه حکمرانی هوش مصنوعی در این کشور کمک می‌کند. این پژوهش در ابتدا به کاوش در تاریخچه سیاست فناوری ایالات‌متحده می‌پردازد و نشان می‌دهد که چگونه برخی مؤلفه‌های فرهنگ سیاسی، نقشی اساسی در پیشتازی آمریکا در عرصه فناوری ایفا کرده‌اند. سپس به ارزیابی برخی از مهم‌ترین فرصت‌ها و چالش‌هایی که هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند به‌طور مشخص در سطوح استراتژیک به همراه داشته باشد می‌پردازد. استدلال اصلی مقاله بر این است که سیاست‌های هوش مصنوعی در ایالات‌متحده به دو دسته ملی (دولت‌محور) و محلی (بازارمحور) تقسیم می‌شوند؛ رویکرد دولت‌محور از سوی دولت‌های فدرال و رویکرد بازارمحور عمدتاً توسط دولت‌های ایالتی و شرکت‌های بزرگ فناوری تدوین و اجرا می‌گردند. از این‌رو حکمرانی هوش مصنوعی در ایالات‌متحده حاصل هم‌افزایی سیاست‌های ملی و محلی است که هرکدام با پیشبرد «امنیت ملی» و «توسعه اقتصادی» به تداوم رهبری آمریکا بر هوش مصنوعی کمک می‌کنند. این مطالعه از پارادایم «تکنوپلیتیک» به‌مثابه سازوکاری جدید برای اشاره به پیوستگی فناوری و سیاست بهره می‌برد و از تمامی سطوح تحلیل سیستمی، دولتی، گروهی و فردی برای پاسخ به سؤال اصلی استفاده می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آمریکا
تکنوپلیتیک
حکمرانی
راهبردها
رویکردها
فناوری دیجیتال
هوش مصنوعی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Artificial Intelligence Governance in the Digital Era: Evaluating U.S. Strategies and Approaches

نویسندگان English

Saeid Soleimanzadeh 1
Mohsen Eslami 2
Masoud Mousavi Shafaee 3
Vali Golmohammadi 4
1 PhD in International Relations from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of International Relations at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

What is the United States' approach to artificial intelligence governance? This study contributes to a detailed understanding of AI governance in the United States by examining its strategies and approaches. The inquiry begins with an exploration of the historical context of technology policy in the United States, demonstrating how specific elements of political culture have significantly influenced US technological supremacy. The research subsequently evaluates key opportunities and challenges presented by artificial intelligence, particularly at strategic dimensions. The central argument asserts that U.S. AI policies can be classified into two distinct categories: national (government-oriented) and local (market-oriented). The government-oriented approach is developed and implemented by federal governments, while the market-oriented approach is largely shaped and executed by state governments and major technology corporations. Consequently, artificial intelligence governance in the United States arises from the synergy of national and local policies, each aiding the persistence of US leadership in AI by promoting "national security" and "economic development." This research adopts the "technopolitics" paradigm as a new mechanism to illuminate the interconnectedness between technology and politics, and utilizes system, state, group, and individual levels of analysis to address the main question.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

US
Technopolitics
Governance
Strategies
Approaches
Digital Technology
Artificial Intelligence
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