The phenomenon of Trumpism has been raised as one of the most important structural and discursive developments in American politics since 2016, and its consequences have spread beyond the domestic arena to the international level. The main issue of this article consists of two fundamental questions: First, what political, economic, and social factors and contexts at the domestic and foreign levels have paved the way for the emergence of Trumpism and new right-wing populism in America? Second, what consequences has this phenomenon had at the international level, for the Islamic Republic of Iran? This article attempts to demonstrate, with an integrated approach, that Trumpism is the simultaneous product of a set of political, economic, social, and cultural factors, including the erosion of public trust, media polarization, the crisis of the white middle class, the decline of manufacturing industries, and cultural reactions resulting from demographic changes. On the other hand, external contexts such as the crisis of the liberal order, the global shift toward right-wing populism, and structural competition with China also provided a favorable environment for the emergence of this trend. At the foreign policy level, Trumpism, based on economic nationalism and the “America First” policy, led to a redefinition of the role of the United States in the global system and intensified the withdrawal from international treaties. A clear example of this orientation was the policy of maximum pressure against the Islamic Republic of Iran and the withdrawal from the JCPOA, which had important economic, security, and geopolitical consequences for Iran. Using a case study method and an integrated theoretical framework (populist discourse, surface ideology, and the political economy of populism), this article shows that the consequences of Trumpism for the Islamic Republic of Iran are rooted in structural changes in US domestic politics and developments in the global order.