فصلنامه روابط خارجی

فصلنامه روابط خارجی

رقابت‌ ایران و عربستان در شاخ آفریقا: تلاش برای کسب منزلت و اعتبار منطقه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سید روح‌الله حاج زرگرباشی 1
میلاد لطفی 2
1 استادیار گروه روابط بین الملل، پژوهشکده فرهنگ و ارتباطات، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات منطقه ای، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
10.22034/fr.2024.418629.1447
چکیده
با شروع خیزش‌های عربی در منطقۀ خاورمیانه‌ و شمال آفریقا، تنش، رقابت و منازعه میان قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای در این منطقه نیز روند صعودی به خود گرفت. ایران و عربستان از مهم‌ترین قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای در خاورمیانه هستند که تنش و رقابت میان آنها در سال‌های بعد از 2011 به اوج خود رسید. درحقیقت، در طول سال‌های 2011-2023، این دو قدرت منطقه‌ای با استفاده از ابزارهای اقتصادی، سیاسی و نظامی در عرصه‌های مختلف منطقه‌ای به رقابت با یکدیگر پرداختند. نکتۀ مهم این است که رقابت میان تهران و ریاض منحصر و محدود به مرزهای جغرافیایی خاورمیانه نشد، بلکه رقابت و تنش میان آنها فراتر از منطقه و به مناطق مجاور ازجمله منطقۀ شاخ آفریقا نیز سرایت کرد. باتوجه به مسئلۀ فوق، سؤال پژوهش حاضر این است که چه انگیزه‌ها، علل و عواملی موجب کنشگری ایران و عربستان در شاخ آفریقا شده و متعاقباً زمینۀ سرایت انتقال رقابت آنها به این منطقۀ راهبردی را فراهم آورده است؟ نگارندگان با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی این فرضیه را مورد بررسی و مداقه قرار دادند که «ایران و عربستان باتوجه به راهبردی بودن منطقۀ شاخ آفریقا، اقتصاد درحال‌توسعه و وجود ناامنی و خلأ قدرت در آن به جهت کسب نوعی «منزلت» و «اعتبار» اقدام به کنشگری در صحنۀ قدرت در شاخ آفریقا کرده‌اند». فلذا، به نظر می‌آید که سرایت رقابت‌های تهران و ریاض به شاخ آفریقا محصول بستر موجود در شاخ آفریقا و انگیزه‌ها و مشوق‌های روانی آنها به جهت کسب اعتبار و منزلت در سطح منطقه‌ای‌ و بینامنطقه‌ای بوده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
قدرت‌های خاورمیانه‌ای
شاخ آفریقا
انگیزه
خلأ قدرت
منزلت و اعتبار

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Competition Between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Horn of Africa: Trying to Gain Regional Prestige and Dignity

نویسندگان English

Seyyed Rouhollah Hadj Zargarbashi 1
Milad Lotfi 2
1 Assistant Professor, International Relations, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Regional Studies at Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

With the beginning of the Arab uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa region, the tension, competition, and conflict between the regional powers in this region also took an upward trend. Iran and Saudi Arabia are among the most important regional powers in the Middle East, and the tension and competition between them reached its peak in the years after 2011. In fact, during the years 2011-2023, these two regional powers competed with each other in various regional arenas using economic, political, and military tools. The important point is that the rivalry between Tehran and Riyadh was not limited to the geographical borders of the Middle East, but the rivalry and tension between them spread beyond the region and to neighboring regions, including the Horn of Africa region. According to the above issue, the question of the current research is, what motives, causes, and factors have caused the activism of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Horn of Africa and provided the ground for the transfer of their competition to this strategic region? Using the Descriptive-Analytical method, the authors examined the hypothesis that Iran and Saudi Arabia competed in the Horn of Africa due to the strategic nature of the Horn of Africa region, the developing economy, and the existence of insecurity and power vacuum in it, and to gain some kind of dignity and prestige.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Middle Eastern powers
Horn of Africa
Motivation
Power Vacuum
Dignity and Prestige
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