فصلنامه روابط خارجی

فصلنامه روابط خارجی

چین، ایران و تحول ژئوپلیتیکی خاورمیانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
پرویز دلیرپور 1
زهرا کرانی 2
محسن نصراصفهانی 3
1 استادیارگروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه معارف، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران
10.22034/fr.2024.425316.1461
چکیده
مقاله حاضر با روش توصیفی-تبیینی، سیاست خارجی چین را بعد از آغاز خروج تدریجی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا از خاورمیانه و روند تحول ژئوپلیتیکی در این منطقه را در پاسخ به این پرسش که تأثیرات این تحول ژئوپلیتیکی بر سیاست خارجی چین در رابطه با ایران چه بوده و چه خواهد بود،‌ به یاری نظریه موازنه تهدید، مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد. فرض مقاله آن است که پکن بر مبنای رویکرد همکاری عمل‌گرایانه خود در گسترش روابط با ایران، تلاش تهران برای مقابله با نفوذ ایالات‌متحده را هم‌راستا با افزایش نفوذ جهانی چین و چالشی نیرومند در برابر تغییر نظم بین‌المللی به رهبری آمریکا می‌داند. از همین­رو از دید مقامات چینی، حمایت ایران از مقاومت در خاورمیانه به‌وضوح مانعی در مقابل تمرکز هرچه بیشتر آمریکا بر مسائل اقیانوس هند و اقیانوس آرام ارزیابی می‌شود که چین کانون اصلی منافع ژئوپلیتیک خود تلقی می‌کند. در مقابل، ایران نیز چین را حامی اصلی اقتصادی و دیپلماتیک خود در برابر فشارهای ایالات‌متحده می‌یابد. در نتیجه، چین عصر شی‌جین­پینگ بر مبنای رهیافت واقع‌گرایی تدافعی از رویکرد سیاست توازن قدرت نرم در منطقه حمایت کرده و کوشیده است تا بین روابط خود با ایران و دیگر شرکای منطقه‌ای مانند عربستان درصدد ایجاد تعادل نرم برآید. با وجود این، چینی‌ها از برهم خوردن توازن قدرت در منطقه به نفع هر یک از شرکای مهم خاورمیانه‌ای خود حمایت نکرده و حفظ وضع موجود را گزینه بهتری ارزیابی می‌کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
: چین
ایران
موازنه تهدید
خاورمیانه

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

China, Iran and the geopolitical evolution of the Middle East

نویسندگان English

Parviz Palirpoor 1
Zahra Korani 2
Mohsen Nasresfahani 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

This article, with a descriptive-explanatory method, in response to the question of what were the effects of this geopolitical evolution on China's foreign policy in relation to Iran and based on the threat balance theory examines China's foreign policy after the US gradual the Middle East and the process of geopolitical evolution in the region. The premise of the article is that Beijing, based on its general pragmatic cooperation approach, considers Tehran's effort to counter the influence of the United States in line with increasing China's global influence and a powerful challenge to the the international order led by the United States. Therefore, from the point of view of the Chinese authorities, Iran's support for the resistance in the Middle East is clearly an obstacle against the US's increasing focus on the issues of the main Chinese geopolitical concerns in Indian and Pacific oceans. On the other hand, Iran finds China as its main economic and diplomatic supporter against the pressures of the United States. As a result, China in the era of Xi Jinping has supported and tried to create a soft balance between its relations with Iran and other regional partners such as Saudi Arabia based on a threat balance policy. Despite this, Beijing does not support the disruption of the balance of power in the region in favor of any of his important partners in the Middle East and consider maintaining the status quo as a better option.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

China
Iran
threat balance
Middle East
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